SigmundFreudwasoneofthefirstscientiststomakeseriousresearchofthemind.Themindisthecollectionofactivitiesbasedinthebrainthatinvolvehowweactthinkfeelandreason.

Heusedlongtalkswithpatientsandthestudyofdreamstosearchforthecausesofmentalandemotionalproblems.Healsotriedhypnosis(催眠术).Hewantedtoseewhetherputtingpatientsintoasleep-likeconditionwouldhelpeasetroubledminds.Inmostcaseshefoundtheeffectsonlytemporary.

Freudworkedhardalthoughwhathedidmightsoundeasy.Hismethodinvolvedsittingwithhispatientsandlisteningtothemtalk.Hehadthemtalkaboutwhatevertheywerethinking.Allideasthoughtsandanythingthatenteredtheirmindhadtobeexpressed.Therecouldbenoholdingbackbecauseoffearorguilt.

Freudbelievedthatallthepainfulmemoriesofchildhoodlayburiedintheunconsciousself.Thispartofthemindhesaidcontainswishesdesiresandexperiencestoofrighteningtorecognize.

Hethoughtthatifthesememoriescouldsomehowbebroughtintotheconsciousmindthepatientwouldagainfeelthepain.Butthistimethepersonwouldexperiencethemasanadult.Thepatientwouldfeelthembeabletoexaminethemandifsuccessfulfinallyunderstandthem.

UsingthiswayFreudreasonedthepainandemotionalpressureofthepastwouldbegreatlyweakened.Theywouldlosetheirholdovertheperson'sphysicalhealth.Soonthepatientwouldgetbetter.

ManyofFreud'stheoriesabouthowthemindworksalsohadstrongsexualconnections.Theseincludedwhathesawastherepressedfeelingsofsonstowardtheirmothersanddaughterstowardtheirfathers.

IfnothingelseFreud'sideaswererevolutionary.Somepeoplerejectedthem.Manyotherscametoacceptthem.Butnoonedisputeshisgreatinfluenceonthescienceofmentalhealth.

【小题1】HowmanymethodsdidSigmundFreudusetostudythemind?

A．One.B．Two.C．Three.D．Four.【小题2】SigmundFreud’sresearchwasdifficultbecause______.A．hehadtoworkhardandhavepatientstalkfreelyB．hehadtolivewithpeoplewhohadtroubledmindsC．hehadtolistentounhapp